How to use

Ways to play

The deck is a design tool, and a game. Each suit is one part that every governance system needs. Pick the game that fits your group and your time.


The four suits, and the doors

Before you start

  • Materials: one deck per group, a large sheet of paper or a whiteboard, sticky notes, and pens.
  • Phones: open a card’s page when you need the detail. Each page tells how the mechanism works, when to use it, and what goes wrong.
  • One facilitator keeps the time and asks the questions.

Design session

One team · 3 to 6 people · 70 minutes

For a team with a real system to design.

  1. Name the system. 10 minutes. Write one sentence at the top of the sheet: who decides, what they decide, and with which resources. For example: “Forty researchers decide how to spend a shared grant budget each quarter.”
  2. Set the doors. 5 minutes. Put the two jokers on the table. Entry: how does a person come in? Exit: how does a person leave, and what can they take with them? Write one line under each joker.
  3. Lay out the suits. 5 minutes. Sort the deck into its four suits. Put each suit in its own row, face up.
  4. Pick one card per suit. 20 minutes. For each suit, ask its question (see the four suits above). Each person can propose a card, and the table chooses one. Read “Use it when” on the card’s page before you decide.
  5. Test the set. 20 minutes. For each card on the table, read “Watch out for” aloud. Ask: does another card on the table stop this failure? If not, change a card or add one. A suit can hold two cards. Keep the full set to eight cards or fewer.
  6. Write it down. 10 minutes. Write one line per card: the card, why it is there, and what it must not do. Take a photo of the table.

Hold’em

Several groups of 3 to 6 · 60 to 90 minutes

For a class or a workshop: groups build an organization from the hand they are dealt, then show it to the room.

As in Texas hold’em, every group plays the hand it gets, and the hands are shown at the end.

  1. The deal. Split the room into groups. Deal each group the two jokers and one or two cards from each suit.
  2. Build an organization. Create an organization that works with your hand. Name the entities in it, for example members, a treasury, a council or contributors. Use the mechanisms on your cards to describe how these entities interact. The jokers tell how people come in and how they leave.
  3. Find the loopholes. Attack your own design. Where can someone cheat, take over a vote, or leave with more than they brought? Read “Watch out for” on each card’s page.
  4. The showdown. Bring the groups together. Each group describes its organization to the whole room: the entities, how they interact, and the loopholes it found.
  5. Reorganization. If you have time, each group draws two or three more cards and shows how the new cards change its organization.

What is my mechanism?

Expert mode · 3 or more people · 15 to 30 minutes

For governance experts: guess the card you cannot see.

Not recommended, unless your group lives and breathes governance.

Each player draws a random card without looking at it, and holds it so that the others can see it. On the forehead works. Take turns asking the others questions about your card: “Do I decide anything?” “Do I need a token?” “Can a whale game me?” The first player to name their card wins.

Short formats

Warm-ups · 30 minutes each

For a warm-up, or for a team that knows the deck.

Read a real DAO

Pick a DAO the group knows. Find the cards it uses today, one suit at a time. A suit with no card is not a missing part. It is a part that nobody designed.

Fix a failure

Start from a failure that happened: a large holder buys a vote, turnout drops, a treasury is drained. Use “Watch out for” to find the cards that let it happen. Then find the cards that would have stopped it.

Tarot your DAO

Anyone · 5 minutes

For anyone with a DAO and a question about its future.

Primavera De Filippi, who studies blockchain governance at the CNRS in Paris and at Harvard’s Berkman Klein Center, once said she would use this deck to tarot her DAO. So, shuffle. Draw three cards for your DAO: where it comes from, where it stands, and where it goes. Read them together. No refunds on prophecies.

Primavera De Filippi lays out cards from the deck on a table and reads them for a player.
Primavera De Filippi, reading the deck.

For the facilitator

  • Keep the question of each suit where everyone can see it.
  • When two people disagree about a card, ask each of them to read its “Watch out for”.
  • The deck is not a checklist. A small set of cards that work together does more than a long list.
  • Every system has all four parts. If a suit has no card, that part still exists. Nobody designed it.

Learn more

If you want to learn more, read the Mechanism Library of the Mechanism Institute, and the work of Ori Shimony. Ori has been a huge inspiration for getting this deck live.

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